Latvia Strengthens Defense with Saab Missile Technology Amid Heightened Tensions with Russia

Riga, Latvia – In response to growing security concerns in Eastern Europe, the Latvian Ministry of Defense has secured a significant deal with Swedish defense company Saab. This framework agreement includes an initial order for the next-generation RBS 70 NG short-range air defense system, valued at approximately SEK 2.1 billion (about $200 million).

Enhancing Air Defense Capabilities

This strategic contract, recently announced, will facilitate the delivery of firing units, missiles, and training systems between 2026 and 2030. The RBS 70 NG system, known for its 9-kilometer range and advanced capabilities such as automatic target tracking and night vision, aims to bolster Latvia’s defense posture against aerial threats amidst increasing regional tensions.

Görgen Johansson, head of Saab’s Dynamics business area, emphasized the system’s contribution to enhancing Latvia's ability to detect and neutralize aircraft, drones, and missiles. "This acquisition comes at a critical time considering Latvia’s geographical proximity to Russia and the evolving nature of warfare," Johansson stated.

Geopolitical Context

Latvia, a member of NATO, shares a 213-kilometer (133-mile) border with Russia. The presence of the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad, just 280 kilometers (175 miles) southwest of Latvia, adds to the strategic stakes in the Baltic region. Over the years, there has been an uptick in Russian military activity, marked by large-scale exercises and airspace violations. In 2023 alone, NATO jets were scrambled 150 times to intercept Russian aircraft approaching Baltic airspace.

In light of these developments, Latvia's defense spending has increased, rising to 2.4% of its GDP in 2024, exceeding NATO’s target of 2%. This percentage reflects a targeted effort to modernize military forces and prepare for potential threats.

A Response to Provocations

The recent RBS 70 NG acquisition is underscored by a sense of urgency following escalating incidents, such as a recent breach of Latvian airspace by a suspected Russian drone. Latvian Defense Minister Andris Spruds condemned the incident as a “provocation” and reiterated the need to enhance air defenses.

This context illustrates that the purchase of the RBS 70 NG is not merely transactional; it is a clear statement of Latvia's readiness to safeguard its airspace against potential threats outlined by evolving warfare tactics and regional aggressions.

Technical Specifications and Capabilities

The RBS 70 NG, a man-portable air defense system (MANPADS), represents a significant upgrade from the original RBS 70 model first introduced in the 1970s. The system utilizes laser beam-riding guidance, allowing operators to direct the missile toward its target, making it resistant to countermeasures such as flares and electronic jamming.

With a range of 9 kilometers (approximately 5.6 miles) and capable of engaging targets at altitudes of up to 5,000 meters, the RBS 70 NG is designed to effectively counter helicopters, low-flying aircraft, and drones. The system features an automatic target tracker, reducing the operational burden on soldiers, and comes equipped with thermal imaging to ensure effectiveness in various weather conditions.

Broader Implications for European Defense

Latvia's acquisition of the RBS 70 NG highlights a growing trend among European nations to diversify their defense arsenals, shifting away from reliance on American suppliers like Raytheon and Lockheed Martin. This pivot supports a collective aim for European strategic autonomy, a key focus for NATO member states in light of recent geopolitical tensions.

The contract not only signifies a technological upgrade for Latvia but also aligns with broader EU efforts to enhance the continent’s defense industry, ensuring funding remains within Europe while fostering interoperability among NATO nations.

Future Outlook

As Latvia integrates the RBS 70 NG system, it is important to recognize that operational readiness will take time. Deliveries are slated to commence in 2026, and comprehensive training for the Latvian military forces—many of whom are newly conscripted—will extend into 2027. In addition to the RBS 70 NG, Latvia’s military buildup includes a recent contract with General Dynamics for 42 ASCOD infantry fighting vehicles, showcasing the nation’s commitment to enhancing its defensive capabilities in a rapidly changing security environment.

As the region braces for potential challenges, the RBS 70 NG and other acquisitions signal Latvia's proactive approach to ensuring national security and contributing to NATO's collective defense posture amidst an increasingly aggressive Russia.