Portugal's F-16s Take Over NATO Air Policing Mission in Estonia

Ämari Air Base, Estonia - This week, four Portuguese F-16 fighter jets arrived at Ämari Air Base, marking the beginning of a four-month assignment as part of NATO’s enhanced Air Policing mission in the Baltic region. This transition involves Portugal replacing the Royal Netherlands Air Force's F-35s, which recently concluded their deployment after months of securing the airspace over Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

The handover signifies NATO’s ongoing commitment to the eastern flank, an area where airspace security has become increasingly vital in recent years. Accompanying the F-16M jets are approximately 90 personnel from the Portuguese Air Force, marking Portugal's debut in leading such a mission in Estonia after previous contributions in Lithuania.

The transition initiated with a formal ceremony at Air Base Number 5 in Monte Real, Portugal earlier this month. Air Commander Lieutenant General Sérgio Pereira addressed the assembled military personnel, emphasizing their sense of pride and professionalism in representing Portugal abroad. “When we are present, we do so in a distinctive, professional, and credible manner, as only those who bear the national flag know how to do,” Pereira stated.

For several months, the Dutch F-35s formed the backbone of the air policing efforts from Ämari following the completion of a significant renovation of the base’s runway. This upgrade allowed the airfield to accommodate NATO’s first aircraft deployment since the improvements, marking a significant milestone for Estonia’s growing involvement in alliance operations.

The Dutch mission was not only focused on air surveillance but also involved collaboration with Estonian forces. During an Agile Combat Employment event, Estonian technicians had the opportunity to gain insights into F-35 maintenance, which enhances their operational capabilities. Additionally, the Dutch F-35s showcased their advanced technology during a multi-domain mission named "Find, Fix, Track, and Trace," highlighting their sophisticated sensing and networking systems compared to older aircraft like the F-16. Transitioning to the Portuguese F-16s introduces a different dynamic to the mission. While these jets lack the stealth capabilities and advanced sensor fusion of the F-35, they are known for their reliability and agility. The F-16 has benefited from decades of upgrades, with Portugal’s fleet receiving mid-life enhancements that improve avionics and weapon systems.

NATO officials have reiterated that the transition from Dutch to Portuguese aircraft will not affect the mission’s effectiveness, crediting the seamless coordination that has characterized these deployments over the years. The Baltic Air Policing mission was established in 2004 when Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania joined NATO without their own fighter jets. Since then, allied nations have participated in patrols to ensure a constant presence against potential airspace violations.

The urgency of this mission increased significantly following Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, prompting NATO to enhance its defenses in the east. Portugal's involvement emphasizes its commitment, following previous deployments in Lithuania since 2007, and extends its support further north to Estonia.

The deployment encompasses a compact yet capable force, operating with 90 personnel, including air traffic controllers and maintenance crews. The four F-16s are prepared to manage a wide range of scenarios, including identifying and escorting unauthorized aircraft that may enter NATO airspace.

Although specific threats remain undisclosed, the Baltic region has experienced periodic encounters with Russian military aircraft, highlighting the need for vigilant air policing.

As the Dutch F-35s completed their mission, they prepared to return home to Leeuwarden Air Base to participate in a major NATO exercise known as Ramstein Flag 25, running from March 31 to April 11. This exercise will involve over 90 aircraft from more than 15 allied nations, allowing the Royal Netherlands Air Force to refine their tactical skills and enhance interoperability with allied forces.

The arrival of Portugal's F-16s at Ämari carries symbolic significance, representing both a change in aircraft and a demonstration of NATO solidarity. The F-16s, while lacking the advanced technologies present in the F-35, provide a proven, reliable, and cost-effective capability that meets NATO’s operational needs.

As personnel settle into their new roles at Ämari, they will remain on high alert over the next four months, prepared to respond swiftly to any incursions into NATO airspace. Their mission blends routine vigilance with high security, demanding focus and discipline.

With Portugal stepping up in Estonia, NATO continues to adjust to the evolving security landscape, balancing advanced platforms like the F-35 with reliable aircraft like the F-16. Together, these rotations reinforce NATO's commitment to collective defense and the stability of the Baltic region.